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| Flag : |
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| Basic Information : |
| Official Name : |
Republic of Turkmenistan |
| Capital : |
Ashgabat |
| Area : |
488,100 sq. km - 188,500 sq. mi. |
| Major Cities :
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Ashgabat, Charjew, Dashowuz |
| Land : |
Turkmenistan is
bordered by Caspian Sea to the west, by Kazakhstan in the north, by
Uzbekistan in the east and north-east, by Afghanistan in the
southeast, and by Iran in the southwest. The country lies at
an average elevation of 500 meters ( 1,640 feet ) above the sea
level. Turkmenistan's central part is occupied by Karakum, one
of the world's largest sand deserts. The steppes ( semiarid grassy
plains ) makes almost four-fifths of the country, leaving a small
area for agriculture. Kopetdag mountain chain to the south forms the
fringe of the Karakum desert along the border of Iran. The crucial
water supply comes from the Amu Derya river which emerges from the
Pamir mountains in Tajikistan. |
| Climate : |
The climate
of Turkmenistan is a typical continental, with cold winters and very
hot summers. For most parts of Turkmenistan, the average daily
temperature in January runs from -6° to 5°C (21° to 41°F), while in
July it is 27° to 32°C (81° to 90°F). Average annual precipitation
ranges from 70 to 380 mm (2 to 15 in), although two-thirds of the
country receives 125 mm (5 in) or less. |
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| Passport, Visa and Custom Regulations : |
| Passport : |
Passport and visa
required. |
| Visa : |
Visa requires 1
application form, 1 photo, and letter of invitation. Business visa
requires 1 application, 1 photo, and cover letter of invitation.
Visas are available in a variety of time periods, and fees are paid
according to the type of visa and processing time needed. AIDS test
required for foreigners staying longer than 3 months. U.S. test
accepted. e., NW, Washington, DC 20008 (202/588-1500). Internet:
www.turkmenistanembassy.org |
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| Population : |
| Population : |
4,870,000 (2000) |
| Population Density : |
10 persons per sq. km. ( 26 per sq.
mi.) |
| Literacy Rate : |
Total : 99,7 |
| Ethnic Division : |
Turkmen, Russian, Uzbek, Kazakh |
| Languages : |
Turkmen (Official), Russian, Uzbek |
| Religion : |
Muslim : 85 percent, Eastern
Orthodox : 11 percent, Other : 4 percent |
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| Government : |
| Government : |
Presidential Republic |
| President :
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Saparmurat Niyazov |
| Prime Minister :
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| Independence : |
27 October 1991 (from the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics-USSR) |
| Voting : |
Universal at age 18 |
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| Communications : |
| Telephone :
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Country code: 993. Area code for Ashgabat: 12. Outgoing
international code: 810. |
| Mobile Phone : |
GSM mobile phone cards
are available throughout the country. |
| Internet : |
There is only one
Internet service provider all over Turkmenistan. The internet is
almost unknown outside the major cities. However, you can find
internet cafes in big cities. |
| Mail : |
In addition to the local
post office, some major international couriers are available in
major cities and towns. |
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| Economy : |
| Gross Domestic
Product ( GDP) : |
28,000 million USD (2004) |
| GDP Per Capita : |
5,730 USD |
| Currency : |
Turkmen Manat ( 1TMM = 100 Tenesi ) |
| Exports :
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Natural gas, cotton, petroleum
products, electricity, textiles,
carpets |
| Imports : |
Machinery and parts, grains and
food, plastics and rubber, consumer durables, textiles |
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